WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Arpita Biswas, Amrita Chakraborty, Kushal Nandi, Saroni Saha, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, Dr. Dhananjoy Saha, Dr. Kishor Dholwani and Dr. Pankaj H. Prajapati

ABSTRACT

The rhinovirus (from the Greek ??? rhis "nose", GEN ????? rhinos "of the nose", and the Latin virus) is the most common viral infectious agent in humans and is the predominant cause of the common cold. Rhinovirus infection proliferates in temperatures of 33–35°C (91–95°F), the temperatures found in the nose. Rhinoviruses belong to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. The three species of rhinovirus (A, B, and C) include around 160 recognized types of human rhinovirus that differ according to their surface proteins (serotypes). They are lyric in nature and are among the smallest viruses, with diameters of about 30 nanometers. By comparison, other viruses, such as smallpox and vaccines, are around ten times larger at about 300 nanometers, while flu viruses are around 80–120 nm. In 1953, when a cluster of nurses developed a mild respiratory illness, Winston Price, from the Johns Hopkins University, took nasal passage samples and isolated the first rhinovirus, which he called the JH virus, named after Johns Hopkins. His findings were published in 1956. Rhinoviruses have single–stranded positive sense RNA genomes of between 7200 and 8500 nt in length. At the 5' end of the genome is a virus–encoded protein and, as in mammalian mRNA, there is a 3' poly–A tail. Structural proteins are encoded in the 5' region of the genome and non–structural at the 3' end. This is the same for all picornaviruses. The viral particles themselves are not enveloped and are icosahedral in structure.

[Full Text Article] [Download Certificate]