WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

( An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal )

An International Peer Review Journal for Medical Science and Pharma Professionals

An Official Publication of Society for Advance Healthcare Research (Reg. No. : 01/01/01/31674/16)

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  • Google Scholar
  • Index Copernicus
  • SOCOLAR, China
  • Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN
  • Cosmos Impact Factor
  • Scientific Indexing Services (SIS)
  • UDLedge Science Citation Index
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  • International Society for Research Activity (ISRA) Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
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Abstract

RISK FACTORS OF DIAPER DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN UNDER 24 MONTHS OF AGE IN MOSUL CITY

*Dr. Wasan Mohsin Ali, Dr. Shaimaa Salim Hussien

ABSTRACT

Diaper dermatitis (DD) is a common inflammatory condition of the diaper-covered skin in infants and toddlers, influenced by inappropriate diaper-area care, dietary factors, and coexisting medical disease, superimposed on an infant skin barrier that is structurally more permeable and less mature than adult skin. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for diaper dermatitis in children under 24 months of age in Mosul City, Iraq, and was conducted at Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital and Al-Mosul General Hospital over six months (January-June 2025), enrolling 280 children: 140 with clinically diagnosed DD (cases) and 140 without (controls), using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, diapering practices, and clinical/health information, with associations expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Exclusive formula feeding increased the risk of DD (OR=1.971), while exclusive breastfeeding was protective (OR=0.282); fewer than six diaper changes per day was a risk factor (OR=2.08), and cleaning with water alone was protective (OR=0.341); maternal illiteracy (OR=1.634) and more than one child currently using diapers (OR=1.727) were associated with increased risk; more than two previous episodes of DD (OR=2.967), oral antibiotic use (OR=1.831), diarrhea (OR=2.318), and oral thrush (OR=20.5) were significant risk factors; and regular use of baby powder (OR=6.091) and steroid-containing agents (OR=2.228) increased risk, whereas diaper creams were protective (OR=0.294). Feeding practice, diapering frequency and hygiene, maternal education, prior DD episodes, antibiotic use, diarrhea, oral thrush, and inappropriate topical agents are therefore significant risk factors for diaper dermatitis, while exclusive breastfeeding and diaper cream use are protective, and caregiver education together with rational use of topical agents is recommended to reduce the burden of DD.

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