WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

Alia Mohammad Ali*

ABSTRACT

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) starts with a premalignant hydatidiform mole (HM) andprogresses to malignant conditions such as invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor.Several earlier publications looked into factors related to GTD developments. Anyhow; there is insufficientevidence about the contributing factors for molar pregnancy. Objectives: Is to determine the contributing factorsfor molar pregnancy among sample of Iraqi women. Methods: This case series retrospective study included onehundred-fifty ladies, of them 50 ladies with molar pregnancy (cases), matched according to the age with 100ladies (controls). From June 1, 2021, to May 1, 2024, the study was conducted at the Department of gynecologyand obstetrics at Al Hamdanyia General Hospital in Nineveh Province/ Iraq. The questionnaire includes threeparts. Part one for maternal demographic information. Part two for risk factors for molar pregnancy such asadvancing maternal age, history of previous abortion, previous molar pregnancy, smoking, genetic mutations,blood group and Rh type, and usage of birth control pills. Part three for clinical presentation of patients. Results:The mean age ± standard deviation of the study participants was 28.23 ± 7.27 years. It’s evident that the mostprevalent variables linked to patients with molar pregnancy are: age group of 20-30 years among 24 (48%)patients, gestational age of 8-12 weeks among 34 (68%) patients, multigravidity among 29 (58%) patients, bloodgroup of A+ among 19 (38%) patients. Moreover; only 5 (10%) patients reported positive history of molarpregnancy and only 6 (12%) patients had previous history of abortion, 3 (6%) patients are active smokers, 11(22%) patients are use oral contraceptive pills and only 3 (6%) had positive family history of molar pregnancy.The mean age ± standard deviation of the study participants was 28.23 ± 7.27 years. It’s evident that the mostprevalent variables with patients with molar pregnancy are: age group of 20-30 years among 24 (48%) patients,gestational age of 8-12 weeks among 34 (68%) patients, multigravidity among 29 (58%) patients, blood group ofA+ among 19 (38%) patients. Furthermore; only 5 (10%) patients reported positive history of molar pregnancyand only 6 (12%) patients had previous history of abortion, 3 (6%) patients are active smokers, 11 (22%) patientsare use oral contraceptive pills and only 3 (6%) had positive family history of molar pregnancy. Statisticallysignificant difference found between the two groups regarding the presence of previous molar pregnancy (P value<0.001). Lastly; cases with molar pregnancy found to had statistically significant vaginal bleeding (P value<0.001), hyperemesis (P value = 0.012), Theca lutein cyst (P value = 0.016) and hyperthyroidism (P value =0.012). Conclusion: Patients aged more than 20 years, gestational age of 8-12 weeks, having multigravidity,blood group of A+, having positive previous history of molar pregnancy or previous history of abortion and thosewith chronic use of oral contraceptive pills were more commonly linked to molar pregnancy. Patients with molarpregnancy commonly presented with vaginal bleeding, hyperemesis, theca lutein cyst and had already diagnosedhyperthyroidism.