WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

Farah Mahmood Shakur* and Bassam Mohammed Hameed

ABSTRACT

Background: Cerebrovascular disease encompasses a group of disorders that affect the brain's blood supply, potentially causing temporary or permanent functional impairments. Stroke is the most common type, often resulting in lasting motor or sensory deficits. Protein S, a vitamin K-dependent protein, acts as a cofactor to activated protein C in the inactivation of clotting factors Va and VIIIa, playing a crucial role in anticoagulation. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate total protein S levels among cerebrovascular disease patients and investigate any association between protein S deficiency and cerebrovascular events. Patient and Method: A case-control study was conducted at Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimaen Medical City in Baghdad and Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Iraq, from January to June 2024. A total of 90 subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups: Patient group: 60 individuals hospitalized during the acute phase of central nervous system infarction, diagnosed by neurologists and imaging. Control group: 30 apparently healthy individuals served as controls. Results: Patients with cerebrovascular infarction had significantly lower total protein S levels compared to the control group. A notable difference in protein S levels was observed between patients aged ≥60 years and those <60 years, as well as between male and female patients. Additionally, significant differences were found between patients and controls in terms of family history, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension prevalence. Conclusion: Cerebrovascular infarction patients exhibited lower total protein S levels compared to healthy individuals. Younger and female patients had comparatively lower levels, indicating a higher susceptibility to thrombotic events.