WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Ali Samir Mohammed Raoof and Omar Farooq Al-Azzawi

ABSTRACT

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, with a global impact since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. The disease affects multiple organ systems and is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets, with asymptomatic individuals contributing significantly to its spread. Dyslipidemia, inflammation, and immune responses have been linked to COVID-19 severity, highlighting the potential of lipid profiling as a prognostic tool. The study aims to assess the relationship between COVID-19 severity and lipid metrics in study subjects, including inflammatory markers. Method: This cross-sectional study at Al-Shifaa Isolation Center (January–June 2021) included 100 COVID-19 patients categorized into mild, moderate, and severe cases based on WHO criteria. Data on lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and clinical severity were collected through questionnaires, CT scans, and blood analysis. Results: This study revealed statistically significant associations between COVID-19 severity and lipid profiles (TC, LDL, HDL, TG), inflammatory markers (CRP, S. Ferritin, D-dimer), CT scan severity, and BMI (p-values < 0.05). Severe cases exhibited lower lipid levels, higher inflammatory markers, and greater CT involvement. Gender also showed a significant association with disease severity (p = 0.045). Conclusion: In COVID-19, lower TC, LDL, and HDL values predict disease severity, according to this study. As S. Ferritin, D-dimer, and CRP levels rise, systemic inflammation may explain this connection. Severity associated substantially with CT scan results, and all patients had a mean BMI >25, suggesting ACE2 expression in adipose tissue increases infection risk. Severe illness was more common in women.