WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

Shibabaw Bejano*

ABSTRACT

Animal trypanosomosis is caused by trypanosome species such as a T. conglonse, T. vivax and T. b. brucei and Mechanically transmitted trypanosomes T. evansi, T. vivax and T. equiperdum. The most important trypanosomes in terms of economic loss in domestic livestock are the tsetse transmitted species. The disease is manifested by different clinical signs and symptoms Apart from clinical signs, demonstration of the trypanosome in body fluid/tissue is of great value during chronic infection and in early phase the number of parasites in blood is too low to be detected. To avoid such problems in diagnosis of animal trypanosomosis techniques based on serology and molecular tools like CFT, Trypanolysis, CATT, Ab-ELISA and Ag-ELISA have been developed. More over PCR diagnosis of trypanosomosis is the widely used technique. The species specific PCR are labor intensive and expensive to perform to diagnose the about 10 trypanosomes species affecting animals. Therefore recently PCR based on internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA is highly sensitive and specific, and cost effective as it allows detection of all trypanosomes in single PCR. Serological tests have a problem, they don?t discriminate between past and current infection since antibodies can persist in circulation for long even after the infection has been cleared. Molecular diagnostic tests are more sensitive and specific. They detect current infection since they target DNA of the pathogen. Molecular amplification tests amplify DNA of the infecting pathogen to produce millions or billions of copies of the target DNA hence increasing the sensitivity of the test. The use of pathogen specific oligonucleotide primers and probes ensures increased specificity. However, molecular tests are expensive, time consuming, require sophisticated laboratories and expensive equipment, skilled labor, electricity, reagents, and may not be performed in the field settings. Now a days researches are geared towards development of cheap, rapid, easy to use, sensitive, specific, penside /field based diagnostics.

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