WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

Alicia Armentia*, María San Miguel, Angel San Miguel, Sara Martín, Blanca Martín, Julia San Miguel, Manuel Gonzalez-Sagrado

ABSTRACT

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles found in bodies of water, and their presence represents an increasingly important environmental and public health problem. These microplastics can have a variety of sources, including fragmentation from larger plastics, wear and tear from synthetic products, and direct release from cosmetic and personal care products. These microplastics enter water bodies through different routes, such as sewage systems, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition. Once in the water, they have a significant impact on aquatic organisms. They can be ingested by a wide variety of species, from microorganisms to fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. They can accumulate in the tissues of these organisms and cause physical damage, such as intestinal obstructions and reduced feeding capacity. Additionally, microplastics can act as vectors for toxic chemicals, as they can adsorb and transport contaminants present in water, posing additional risks to aquatic life. As for the effects on human health, although more research is still needed, there are concerns about the possible negative impacts of microplastics. Ingestion through food, especially contaminated shellfish, raises the possibility of transfer of plastic particles and associated chemicals to humans. It has been suggested that microplastics can cause inflammation and damage in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the release of toxic chemicals into the human body. In addition, there is also the potential for respiratory exposure through inhalation of airborne microplastics. To address this problem, concrete actions are required. It is essential to reduce the consumption of single-use plastics and improve waste management to prevent microplastics from reaching bodies of water. The implementation of advanced technologies in wastewater treatment plants is also necessary to effectively capture and remove microplastics. In addition, continued research, public education, and international cooperation are needed to increase awareness of the problem and develop effective mitigation strategies. Microplastics in water represent a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. To protect our ecosystems and our health, it is crucial to take measures to reduce pollution by them, improve waste management and promote sustainable practices in the consumption of plastics.

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