WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Abdelkader Bassam Rajeh, Ismael Hammad and Milad Antanios

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains a life-threatening medical problem that is common worldwide. It is an emergency medical condition, which may require hospital admission. UGIB also increases the risk of morbidity, and mortality, so it warrants early evaluation. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the main diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Objective: To determine the endoscopic findings in patients presenting with UGIB and their frequency among these patients according to sex and age at Tishreen University Hospital in 2022 - 2023. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Gastroenterology at Tishreen University Hospital in 2022 - 2023. The record of patients admitted with upper GI bleed through indoor/outdoor was retrieved from the Department of Gastroenterology. 408 Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were selected in the study. The relevant data and endoscopic findings were documented on Performa. The data was prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 408 patients had endoscopy for UGIB which consisted of 229 (56.13%) males and 179 (43.87%) females, and ages range was from 15 to 93 years (mean 55.52±18.29 years). The commonest cause of UGIB was duodenal ulcer in 112 patients consisting of (27.5%), followed by gastric ulcer in 89 patients (21.9%), gastritis in 48 patients (11.9%) and esophageal and gastric varices were in 25 patients (6.3%). Malignant conditions (cancers) contributed to (6%), which included esophageal cancer in two patients (0.5%), gastric cancer in 21 patients (4.3%), and duodenal cancer in 5 patients (1.2%). Esophagitis was in 24 patients (5.9%). Other less frequent causes of UGIB were Mallory-Weiss tear in 9 patients (2.3%), gastroduodenitis in 8 patients (2%), duodenitis in 8 patients (2%), gastric angiodysplasia in 6 patients (1.6%), esophageal ulcer in 4 patients (1%), angiodysplasia of duodenum in two patients (0.5%), gastric polyps in one patient (0.3%). Normal endoscopic findings were in 44 patients (10.8%) in patients who had UGIB. Conclusion: Peptic ulcer disease which included duodenal and gastric ulcers was the commonest cause of UGIB in our population followed by gastritis, while gastric polyps were the rarest cause.

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