WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Dr. Ramesh Londonkar and Maithilee Kesralikar

ABSTRACT

Cancer is a disease involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. This disease is a complex heterogeneous disease with high mortality and absence of procedures for early detection. The most common factors to cause cancer include aging, tobacco, sun exposure, radiation exposure, chemicals and other substances, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, inheritance of cancer, alcohol, poor diet, lack of physical activity, or being overweight. Genetic mutations lead to cancer by accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal control over the mechanism, such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death or necrosis. As a mass of cancerous cells grows enormously and develop into a tumor. The prime important molecule in cancer is Reactive Oxygen Species, which play a dual role. These molecules constantly generated and eliminated in the biological system and are required to drive regulatory pathways. Under normal physiological conditions, cells control ROS levels by balancing the generation of ROS with their elimination by scavenging systems. But under oxidative stress conditions, excessive ROS molecules which can damage cellular proteins, lipids and DNA, leading to cause fatal lesions in the cell that contribute to carcinogenesis. Uneven rise in intracellular ROS moiety result in cancer cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis leading to cancer. This can be prevented with cancer chemotherapy, depletion of cells from antioxidant proteins or generation of ROS by immune cells. (Geou-Yarh Liou and Peter Storz 2010). Cancer cells have greater ROS stress than normal cells due to oncogenic stimulation, increased metabolic activity and mitochondrial malfunction.