WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

Ansam Saad Madhloom*, Besmah M. Ali and Asan Ali Qasim

ABSTRACT

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue globally, despite advances in screening and vaccination. It is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with substantial morbidity and mortality. The primary cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. The aim of study is to access whether obesity and sedentary lifestyle are associate with abnormal pap smear and increase the prevalence of cervical cancer. Method: This cross-sectional study at Al Elwea Maternity Hospital examined 301 sexually active, non-pregnant females with normal and abnormal Pap smear records from December 1, 2023, to April 1, 2024. Data included age, first intercourse, parity, education, smoking, contraception use, duration, physical activity, BMI, and Pap smear outcomes. Exclusions were females with malignancies or insufficient/incomplete records. Results: In a study of 301 females, 47.8% were aged 31-45, and 22.6% were over 45. Key findings include significant associations between abnormal Pap smears and factors such as smoking (21.4% of smokers), long-term contraception use (35.1% after 5+ years), early first intercourse (19% 3 children). However, no significant associations were found between Pap smear outcomes and education level, BMI, or age. Conclusion: The study indicates significant influences of smoking, physical activity, contraceptive use, and parity on Pap smear outcomes, highlighting the need for public health strategies promoting healthier lifestyles and reproductive choices. Screening recommendations should focus on these risk factors rather than age or BMI.